Recruitment of Civil Engineering Staff for Surgical Tower, Mayo Hospital, Lahore November, 2017

The applications for appointments on adhoc basis against the following vacant posts in Mayo Hospital (Lahore) are invited. The candidates fulfilling the prescribed qualification / criteria as shown against each category of post should apply along with attested two sets of photocopies of their testimonials (from Matric Certificate to onward along with domicile and N.I.C) and their applications should must reached  in this office upto 20-11-2017

Recruitment of Civil Engineering Staff for Surgical Tower, Mayo Hospital, Lahore November, 2017

Name of Post: Executive Engineer BS-18 (Civil) 

Number of Post: 01 

Age limit 28-35 

B.Sc Engineering / B.E. Civil Engineering as in relaxation to vacancies to be filled or an equivalent qualification from a university / institution recognized by the Pakistan Engineering Council and Registered as Professional Engineering with the Pakistan Engineering Council except in a case where Section 28 (B) of the Pakistan Engineering Council Act, 1976 (V of 1976) applies. 

Having 5 years service against post in BS-17

Sub-Engineer BS-11 (Civil) 

No. of Posts :06

Age Limit 18-25 

Three year Diploma of Associate Engineer (Civil or  Mechanical as in relation to vacancies to be filled or equivalent qualification from a recognized institute). 

Self Addressed posted envelope must be enclosed with the application form. 

Dr. Tahir Khalil

Medical Superintendent 

Mayo Hospital, Lahore

This Civil Engineering Jobs in  Surgical Tower, Mayo Hospital is best opportunity for experienced Civil Engineers. All Civil Engineering jobs in Islamabad is collected from different Newspapers on every Sunday and shared for our viewers so that that can apply for the job and get the employment in Surgical Tower, Mayo Hospital  as Civil Engineer. These Jobs are for the Building Engineering So you must have experience in Building and Highways 

We have prepared a group on Facebook where you can get the alerts about Jobs in Surgical Tower, Mayo Hospital  If you know any job opportunity in Private Sector both permanent Jobs and Jobs on contract basis you can contact us, you can inform us about the job.

If you are a fresh or experienced civil engineer living in Pakistan and seeking Civil Engineering Job in Building Engineering than don’t post or share your CV here as we are not a part of the department and we are just sharing it so that you can get the opportunity to apply for this job.

Civil Engineering Jobs in Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC) November, 2017

Civil Engineering Jobs in Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC) November, 2017

Post Title: Executive Engineer (BS-18)

Temporary, Gilgit Baltistan Council Secretariat, Islamabad
Qualification: Second Class or Grade “C” Bachelor’s Degree in Civil Engineering or equivalent from a recognized university.
Experience : Five years post qualification experience in Civil Engineering in a responsible position equivalent to BS-17 in Govt./Semi Govt./Reputable Private Organization
Age Limit: 25-35 years plus 5 years general relaxation in upper age limit.
Domicile: Punjab : (Both Male & Female candidates are eligible)

Title of Position: Engineering Adviser (Civil) BS-20

Temporary likely to continue, Office of the Chief Engineering Adviser/chairman Federal Flood commission, Ministry of Water and Power

Minimum Qualification: Bachelor’s Degree in Civil Engineering or equivalent qualification from a recognized university/Institution.

Experience : Seventeen (17) years post qualification experience in Planning, Design or Operation of Dams, Irrigation System or Hydraulic Works in BS-17 and above or equivalent in a Government/Semi-Government / reputable private organization.

Maximum Age: 45 years plus 5 years general relaxation in upper age limit. (Note Age relaxation admissible to Government Servant is up to the age of 55 years).
Domicile: Punjab (both male & female candidates are eligible)



Submit online application through www.fpsc.gov.pk
Closing date for submission of application is Monday, 20th November, 2017.


Amir Tariq Zaman 
Secretary 
Federal Public Service Commission

Add caption

This Civil Engineering Jobs in  Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC)  is best opportunity for experienced Civil Engineers. All Civil Engineering jobs in Islamabad is collected from different Newspapers on every Sunday and shared for our viewers so that that can apply for the job and get the employment in Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC)  as Civil Engineer. These Jobs are for the Building Engineering So you must have experience in Building and Highways 

We have prepared a group on Facebook where you can get the alerts about Jobs in Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC)  If you know any job opportunity in Private Sector both permanent Jobs and Jobs on contract basis you can contact us, you can inform us about the job.

If you are a fresh or experienced civil engineer living in Pakistan and seeking Civil Engineering Job in Building Engineering than don’t post or share your CV here as we are not a part of the department and we are just sharing it so that you can get the opportunity to apply for this job.

Civil Engineering Jobs in Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) November, 2017

Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority requires services of qualified individuals to fill the vacant posts where selection will be made purely on suitability and merit.

Civil Engineering Jobs in Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) November, 2017

Project Director (EG-09) 

Type: 1 Post on merit Contract of 2 years (renewable)
Pay: 78,900-7,990-236,700
Salary: Rs.345,278/- per month (Negotiable)
Qualification : B.E. / B.Sc Civil Engineering from HEC Recognized University
Experience: 

• minimum 20 years of experience with 10 years in similar capacity at administration and managing mega projects. 
• Experience of handling negotiation management and conflict management issues effectively. 
• Experience in participating in high level operational initiative, infrastructure design / development & capital works follow-up. 
• Experience of overseeing major roads, runways and airport terminal projects would be given extra weight age. 

Skill: 

• Hands-on experience of Primavera and other project management tools & techniques. 
• Having in-depth knowledge of infrastructure development of varied nature. 
• Possessing vision and leadership skills to plan, handle and manage mega infrastructure development projects with ability and interpersonal skill to lead a team of highly experienced and professional staff. 

Age: Maximum 57 years (including all age relaxations)

Additional Director Civil (EG-07)

Type: 1 Post on merit Contract of 2 years (renewable)
Pay: 61,700-6,170-185,100
Salary: Rs. 277,940 /- per month (negotiable)
Qualification: B.E / B.Sc / B.S in Civil Engineering from HEC Recognized University
Must be registered with Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC)
Experience : Minimum 15 years of experience with 10 years in similar capacity in large scale construction projects
Experience in contract management of mega / large scale projects.
Skills : Knowledge of contracting and negotiations.

• Having in depth knowledge of PPRA and CPWD Procedures and codes.
• Possessing skills of efficient project Mangement 
• Vision & leadership skills to lead the teams of the project
• Having ability to execute the contracts within the stipulated timelines.
• Strong analytical, creative, presentation and management abilities. 

Age: Maximum 50 years (including all age relaxations)

Application Procedure : 

• Interested candidates are required to fill and submit online application form available at www.caapakistan.com.pk within 15 days of publication of this advertisement. 
• Candidates will be required to upload CV with recent photograph, scanned copies of CNIC, domicile, all educational documents i.e. Degrees / Certificates, transcript / detailed marks  certificate (DMC) / experience certificates
• Candidates not fulfilling the above requirement or submitting incomplete application shall not be considered. 

ADDITIONAL DIRECTOR HR (TM)
Headquarters Civil Aviation Authority
Terminal-1, Jinnah International Airport, Karachi. Tel: 021-99072068

This Civil Engineering Jobs in  Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), Pakistan is best opportunity for experienced Civil Engineers. All Civil Engineering jobs in Karachi is collected from different Newspapers on every Sunday and shared for our viewers so that that can apply for the job and get the employment in Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) as Civil Engineer. These Jobs are for the Highway & Runway Engineering So you must have experience in Highway Projects. 

We have prepared a group on Facebook where you can get the alerts about Jobs in Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) If you know any job opportunity in Private Sector both permanent Jobs and Jobs on contract basis you can contact us, you can inform us about the job.

If you are a fresh or experienced civil engineer living in Pakistan and seeking Civil Engineering Job in Highway Engineering than don’t post or share your CV here as we are not a part of the department and we are just sharing it so that you can get the opportunity to apply for this job.

What is Underpinning? Methods and Procedures for Foundation Repair

A resilient and robust foundation is a sure way to guarantee a stable structure that could withstand and tolerate the forces of nature by satisfying the strength and serviceability requirements. Primarily the significance of foundation in a structure is same as the importance of the word “foundation”. Failure of foundation is a predominant reason behind the instability of the entire structure.

Underpinning can be defined as a technique that is followed to either deepen already built foundation or to repair a faulty and damaged foundation.

The extension of depth in foundation is indispensable if there is a plan to increase the number of floors of a building. Visible cracks observed in the building are a symptom of necessity of foundation correction which can be done by underpinning.

Generally, if the cracks observed in the buildings are greater than one-fourth of an inch then the need for underpinning of the foundation is a must. The problems of heaved foundations, buckled wall, concrete walls with cracks can be regarded as foundation failures.

As per the underpinning method, the damaged foundation is supported with the help of permanent or temporary support. This arrangement will help in increasing the bearing capacity as well as additional extension of the depth.

Structural Requirements That Make Underpinning a MUST

There are certain failure conditions of foundation that will make the engineer to come up with the decision of underpinning.

The answer to the question that When to use the underpinning method for foundation repair? is answered below:

1. Most of the normal buildings have foundations that are made from timber. These after a time period will undergo settlement. These settlement of the foundation is due to the degradation of the timber which is caused by the water table fluctuations.
2. The bearing capacity of the soil is decreased with the rising and the lowering of
3. the water table. This will result in the settlement of the structure.
4. Construction of structure over a soil with lesser bearing capacity too result in the settlement of the structure.

Repair of Foundation by Underpinning

The distress observed in the foundation may be due to settlement as mentioned or due to the movement of the slope or due to the expansive soils present underneath. The main requirement of foundation repair is,

• Either to stabilize the foundation in the present condition so that no further distress is welcomed.
• Or to lift and restore the foundation to a particular elevation as required

Diagnosis for foundation repair by Underpinning 

There are certain steps to be determined initially to understand the risk of the foundation. These include:

1.   Surface Exploration so that cause of distress is determined
2.   The foundation risk and the potential repair is enlisted
3.   The  above  risk  is  discussed  with  the  owner  and  develop  a  decision  for underpinning.
4.   The need for partial or fully underpinning is made

Methods of Underpinning Foundation

There are different methods which can be followed to undergo underpinning procedures which are explained in detailed below.

1. Mass Concrete Method or Pit Method
2. Pier and Beam Underpinning Method
3. Underpinning by Cantilever Method
4. Pile Method of Underpinning
5. Pre-test Method of Underpinning
6. Mini Piled Underpinning

Even if there are different method of underpinning for the repair of foundation, all the methods follow same concept of extending the foundation.

The extension made can be either in lengthwise or breadth-wise. This is done over a soil which is strong, hence equal distribution of the load is taken place.

Mass Concrete Method of Underpinning

This method is also called as pit method and is a traditional method of underpinning. The method will carry out the procedure of extension of the foundation till it reaches a hard stratum. For this, the soil below the existing foundation is removed and excavated. The removal is carried out in stages so that sudden collapse of soil is not occurred. Once the stratum is approached it is filled with concrete and allowed for curing afterwards. Only after completion of one stage, next excavation is started.

Fig-1 Pit Method of Underpinning

The existing foundation has to transfer safely load to the new foundation i.e the mass concrete footing as shown in figure-1 above. For this, a pin is provided in between them by placing a pack of dry sand-cement.

This method of underpinning is performed for a shallow depth. The method have an advantage that no kind of machinery is necessary for the excavation process. The new

mass concrete structure constructed will behave as a barrier and protect the old foundation.

Cantilever Needle Beam Method of Underpinning

This method is an extension of above-described pit method and is often named as Cantilever pit method of underpinning. This method is suitable if the building has a strong interior column and that the deepening of foundation can be done only in one direction due to site limitations.



In this method an underpinning pit is excavated beneath the existing exterior wall whose foundation is faulty. A needle beam is strapped to join the exterior wall with that of existing interior loaded column or pedestal. The exterior wall is hanged with the needle beam arrangement pushed up by a hydraulic jack supported on Fulcrum.

Fig-2 Extended Pit Method of Underpinning 

This method is faster than the traditional method. With this procedure being adopted the load carrying capacity of foundation is increased.

Another slight modification of this method also exists in which the existing foundation is supported by a Cantilever beam strapped to tension piles and compression piles which were rested on firm strata underneath as shown in the figure below.

Fig-3 Cantilever Needle Beam Method of Underpinning-Sectional View

Pier and Beam Method of Underpinning

This method is developed to cover the limitation of mass concreting method. This method is good for relatively deeper foundation and is feasible for all the soil conditions. In this method reinforced concrete beams are placed supported on the mass concrete underneath the ground or piers as shown in figure-3.

Fig-4 Pier and Beam Method

The ground conditions and the extent of load to be carried will decide the size and the dimensions of the piles. For foundation that is deeper than 6m, this method is economical.

Mini Piled Method of Underpinning

For cases where the load is to be transferred to a stratum that is situated at a depth greater than 5m can make use of mini piles of diameter 150 to 300m. Areas, where the soil nature is highly variable and is a restricted area for access, can make use of this method. These piles can be either driven steel or augured types. The maximum depth possible is 15m.

Here as shown in the figure-4 piles are driven on either sides of a weak foundation. The piles driven are connected to the existing weak foundation through needles. These needles hence act like a pile cap.

Fig-5 - Pile Method of Underpinning

The settlement issues that are caused due to water clogging or the clay nature of the soil can be corrected by this method.

As shown in the figure-4 a hole is made in the existing wall to facilitate the needle beam.

Pre-test Method of Underpinning

This method is suitable for buildings with 5 to 10 stories and the foundation type of pad and strip footing.  The method will involve the initial compaction as well as compression of the underneath soil after excavation. Thus, soil is subjected to predetermined loads.  All these procedures are done before underpinning.  Raft foundation can also use this method. The pre-test method has less noise and disruption during construction.

Whats Next? 

If your house is having a foundation that is still not solved by underpinning than you must opt for Pile foundation and We have written a detailed article about it so why not go to that.

Pile Foundation, Types and Procedures

What is Stamped Concrete? – Its Features and Its Construction

The Stamped concrete can be defined as a finish that is provided to the concrete in its wet state. Specific designs or patterns are stamped on the concrete in its plastic state as shown in the figure-1 below.

Fig.1. Stamped Concrete Preparation on a Concrete Driveway

The stamped concrete provides a great option in terms of realistic colors, textures, and patterns. These will hence end up with a final product finish similar to that obtained from the installation of granite, marble or costlier sandstones or tiles. Thus, stamped concrete provides great option for the designers to choose a design for the floor for various budget and aesthetics.

A greater advancement in the area of stamped concrete have resulted in the development of new patterns similar to the stone patterns. 

Fig.2. Stamped Concrete Finish similar to Stone Patterns

The use of stamped concrete will help in achieving the appearance of an imported stone for a lower cost.

Stamped Concrete Construction 

A teresting texture is provided by the application of stamped finish for the sidewalks, patios, and driveways. The main design element for the process is stamping mats. The figure-3 below shows some of the rubber - stamping mats that are available. There are numerous designs of stamping mats in the market.

Fig.3: Stamping Rubber Mats with Hexagonal, brick and square patterns

Along with the decision of implementing stamped concrete, it is very necessary to bring a decision on the layout of stamping and the type of stamping pattern that will suit your floor. This will help in maintaining a consistent pattern throughout the course of the project. 

To maintain a consistent layout, a reference line is made during the stamping of the initial stamping mat. Further stamping can be carried out with respect to the initial reference line hence achieving proper alignment and consistency. Each stamping mat will be aligned with the before stamped layout. This method is followed till the end of the project. 

The textures at the corners of the stamped portion mostly have to be finished by hand. Necessary obstructions can be created on the surface with the help of special stamps or by using an aluminum chisel. 

The stamping pads is pressed with pressure over a concrete surface that is in its plastic state (slightly stiff) to a depth of 1 inch. 

Stamping a Concrete Surface

The process of stamping a concrete surface can be conducted by the following step by step procedure.

Step 1: To a prepared formwork, the concrete of required mix ratio is poured and leveled to form a concrete slab. A reference line is made at the point where the first mat is intended to be placed or at the center of the form. The time we observe that the bleeding water has disappeared from the surface of the slab, a release agent in the form of powder is tossed on its surface. The amount to be tossed is dependent on the instructions given by the manufacturer. The procedure is shown in the figure-4.

Fig.4: Preparation of Concrete Surface for Stamping

Step 2: Next is the process of aligning the stamping mat of desired pattern over the prepared concrete surface as shown in the figure-5.

Fig.5: The first Stamping of the concrete Surface

The stamping mat is aligned with respect to the reference line made and based on the layout plan. It is to be noted that once the mat is placed, no kind of adjustment have to be conducted. The mat can be pressured and embedded into the concrete either by stepping over it or by tamping with hand.

Step 3: Now the second stamp is taken and placed against the first as shown in figure-6. And if there are many stamps of the same pattern, it can be embedded in the continuous pattern. If only one mat is available, after each stamping, the mat have to be removed and continue the stamping.

Fig.6: Placement of Second pad for stamping the concrete

If we have to reuse the mat after each stamping, then it is suggested to complete row-wise first before finishing lengthwise.

Step 4: Once the stamping procedure is over, the surface is cured for 3 days. The releasing agent that is used can be removed with the help of pressure washer. Then a complete curing can be performed for the concrete surface for a time period of 1 week. Finally, as per the manufactures, an acrylic concrete sealer can be provided. After which the formworks and the backfills can be removed, as shown in figure-7.

Fig.7: Finishing the Stamped Concrete with a Concrete Sealer

Based on the aesthetic views of the worker or as desired, more and more detailing works can be performed on the stamped concrete with a roller to defined each block, or texture skin that will provide the look of a natural tile or a stone. Most of the professional stamping pads with give complete finish for the concrete surface. 

Tips while Stamping Concrete

Some essential tips can be followed before you work with a new stamping pad or if you are new in stamping concrete.

• Before working on concrete, we can apply the pads on a bed of compacted sand.
• Always try to bring random designs. Avoid placing the stamping pads in a repetitive pattern. 
• Better results will be obtained if we use a releasing agent. This will help to avoid any kind of breakage of concrete while taking out the stamping pads.
• Check the alignment of the stamping pad periodically.
• The person who is working over the concrete surface, performing the stamping procedure must wear a boot or work shoes that is clean. It must be free from debris, pebbles or other dirt. Or else these contaminants will also be impressed over the concrete surface. 

What is Efflorescence? Causes, Prevention and Removal Techniques

The brick masonry industry is plagued with a stubborn and persistent confusing delinquent trouble frequently seen as white powdery scum on a lot of buildings. This white powdery substance is termed as efflorescence which is, although, not well understood but still the masonry industry is still able to define it, knows where it comes from and also methods to reduce and prevent this badly-behaved nature in brick masonry have been device and practiced these days.  

Sure Ways to Prevent and Cure Efflorescence

According to dictionaries the efflorescence is defined as:- 

A change on the surface to a powdery substance upon exposure to air, as a crystalline substance through loss of water.

To become encrusted or covered with crystals of salt or the like through evaporation or chemical change.

Actually efflorescence is a deposit of water-soluble salts that are left on the surface of masonry as a crystalline powder sometimes white or brown or green or yellow after the water evaporates from the exterior surfaces upon exposure. You might have not seen any color other than white but still it exists depending on the type of salts etc. 

This is a prominent defect in brick masonry. In moist climate, in damp places, like basements or under leaky gutter, masonry often gets disfigured. Deposit originates from the mortar and frequently spreads over a part or entire face of the wall. 

Absorbed water dissolves the salts of sodium, potassium and evaporating, forms a crystalline deposit on the surface. In addition to unsightly appearance, the crystallization of salts in the pores of the bricks or mortar may cause disruptive expansion resulting in disintegration due to cracking. 

The problem of efflorescence is not new; its existence finds its way back in the prehistoric primitive times as the brick masonry was ever started and great piece of time, money and efforts have been made and spent trying to solve the difficulties generated by this persevering problem.  

The timing of when the efflorescence appears is very critical, it open appears just after the completion of the structure and is thus named as “new building bloom”.  And at this time the contractor, builder or architect are mostly concerned with the appearance of the new structure. The appearance of efflorescence is triggered by variation of temperature and is obvious during the winter, but may also be observed throughout the year following heavy rains and sudden drops in temperature.  In summer, even after prolonged periods of rain, moisture evaporates so quickly that only small amounts of salt are transported to the surface. However, during winter, slower rates of evaporation lead to migration of salts to the surface. 

This article will explain in detail about the sources of the efflorescence, how it works, about the attempts that are to be made in order to reduce its destructive effects and if it does appear the ways to remove it.

Sources and Causes of Efflorescence  

In most general cases, the efflorescence is caused when the water gets mixed with masonry material and thus moving the salts to the surface and usually the free salts were created. In other cases when the free salts are readily available the free water dilutes it into a solution which is transported through brick masonry depositing it on the surface referred as efflorescence. 

During detailed analysis of the efflorescence it was found that sometimes the salts which are deposited inside the brick masonry form a crystal depositing within the matrix of masonry called crytoflorescenc as it is not visible. 

Conditions for Efflorescence 

The subject of efflorescence is not that simple, it is a confusing mechanism and the real cause is hard to find sometimes. However, it is well known that there are three conditions that must be met in order for the efflorescence to appear. 

• First: There must be water-soluble salts present somewhere in the wall
• Second: There must be sufficient moisture in the wall to render the salts into a solution
• Third: there must be a path for the soluble salts to migrate through to the surface where the moisture can evaporate, thus depositing the salts which can crystallize and cause efflorescence. 

These three conditions must be simultaneously existed in any structure for the appearance of the efflorescence which means if any one of the cases does not exists than no efflorescence will appear. 

Although the efflorescence is a complex problem, the prevention is not that difficult with economic and feasible steps there exists ways to reduce any one of the cases/conditions required and is thus making nearly impossible for efflorescence to occur. 

Sources of Salts 

The chemical reason and nature of efflorescence is very complex as there are many chemicals in the clay bricks, concrete blocks, mortar used, cement, lime, sand, admixture and ground water that can cause sulfates, carbonates, sodium bicarbonate or silicate to cause efflorescence. The efflorescence in green color which is often termed as “Green Stain” is a result of certain vanadium and molybdenum compounds present in some ceramic brick units. Similarly in brown color the efflorescence called “Brown stain” exists which is due to manganese deposits. 

 The appearance of efflorescence is generally not dependent on the quantity present of the water soluble salts as it is reported that even very small quantities of water soluble salts causes efflorescence.  Sodium and potassium hydroxides are commonly present in Portland cements which may cause some efflorescence during the first year after construction. This is known as “Building-bloom”, a condition which typically disappears after a short while. 

Moisture 

If your house/building you are constructing is in areas of high annual rainfall than it must be considered in the initial stages and planning of project that the materials will be subjected to higher quantities of water both during and after construction making it more susceptible and liable for efflorescence. Similarly even if the rainfall is not more, the area is near sea where humidity is always more than in such areas the projects are also greater exposed for efflorescence potential. 

As water is always needed for the salt to dissolve, which means if more water exists the more solution will be prepared and thus more salt will dissolve causing more efflorescence. 

So after discussing sources and reasons of efflorescence we can conclude that detailed study of the following items is necessary for judging the reason and prevention measures for the efflorescence :- 

1. Moisture 

2. Construction Material

3. Temperature

Preventive and Controlling measures 

Since many factors influence the formation of efflorescence, it is difficult to predict if and when any will appear: There is no accepted standard test method for   reassuring the efflorescence potential of masonry mortar. Several experimental methods have been proposed, but none has been accepted as effectively predicting the performance of mortar materials in actual use.

After finding the reasons and causes of the efflorescence it will be easy for the one to control it prior to avoid the situation to get worsen. Even if the soluble alkali sulfates exist in a masonry wall, before the sulfates can cause efflorescence the salts must be dissolved into solution by water. If no moisture reaches the sulfates than they cannot be rendered into solution and migrate to the surface where the water will evaporate, leaving the sulfates salts on the surface to crystallize and become efflorescence. Attention must be given to preventing any soluble alkaline sulfates from being rendered into solution by water. 

This is difficult since during construction water is naturally used in the mortar and grout; therefore the amount of water in the wall should be controlled to only reduce the amount necessary for actual construction. The majority of the water is absorbed into the masonry and used to chemically react with the Portland cement and hydrated   me and is thus not free water.

To avoid Efflorescence do not use porous bricks in contact with limestone. Protect brickwork against contamination of salt-bearing materials during building operations. Bricks should be thoroughly soaked during construction. Correct design of DPC should be used.

Once the cause of efflorescence is corrected, the removal of the deposit is relatively easy, since most efflorescing salts are water soluble. In general, efflorescence can be removed by dry-brushing followed by flushing with clean water. If this is not satisfactory, walls can be washed with a five to ten percent solution of muriatic acid. It is always advisable that a small inconspicuous test area be tried first to determine whether etching or other discoloring will occur. After the acid treatment, the surface should be immediately and thoroughly flushed with clean water.

To summarize, three conditions must exist before efflorescence can occur. If these three conditions can be controlled, there should be no efflorescing of masonry walls.

1. Reduce all soluble alkali sulfates.

2. Use good details to prevent water from entering the masonry.

3. Use good construction practices to eliminate migratory paths for moisture.

Remember, it is very difficult to totally control any one of these three conditions, but it is relatively simple to reduce the effect each one has towards efflorescence. The following 5 simple ways are a sure way towards efflorescence free brick / block masonry for your project. 

1. Limit Driving Moisture Force

2. Provide for good drainage

3. Construct good mortar joints

4. Ensure proper curing

5. Limit Water Entry