What is a Surge Chamber in a Hydropower Project?

In a hydroelectric plant, the flow of water to a turbine must be decreased rapidly whenever there is a sudden drop in load.  This results in high water-hammer pressures and may need a very strong and hence expensive pipe. Surge chambers are used to handle this situation. Typical Definition for a surge chamber can be :-

A surge chamber is a vertical standpipe connected to the pipeline (Figure). With steady flow in the pipe, the water level zl in the surge chamber is below the static level (z=0). 

What is a Surge Chamber in a Hydropower Project?

When the valve is suddenly closed, water rises in the surge chamber.  The water surface in the tank will fluctuate up and down damped out by fluid friction.

Surge chambers are usually open at the top and of sufficient height so that they will not overflow.  In some instances they are permitted to overflow if no damage will result.

The surge chamber, in the event of a sudden demand for increased flow, provide some excess water, and the entire mass of water in a long pipeline is accelerated.

Purpose of Surge Chamber

For hydroelectic projects of high or medium-head nature, when there is a considerable distance between the water source / reservoir and the power plant having along penstock. The main purpose of the surge chamber is to regulate the load of water to the turbine. 

• When the load decreases, the water moves backwards and get stored in it. 
• When the load increases, additional supply of water will be provided by surge chamber. 

Due to the operational requirements, the location of the surge chamber is to a large extent governed by the location of the power station. Given this limitation the surge chamber is located in the best possible rock mass according to similar procedures as described above for the cavern.

How 4D BIM Modeling Has a Highly Positive Effect on Construction Projects?

Building Information Modeling (BIM) generally offers the wider construction industry a wide number of productivity benefits including increased coordination, analysis, quantification, safety, sustainability and accuracy.

How 4D BIM Modeling Has a Highly Positive Effect on Construction Projects?

In 1910 Henry Laurence Gantt, an American mechanical engineer created, what is now known as the Gantt chart, to monitor construction progress over time. It was a popular technique for project scheduling but lacked the ability for users to visualize the steps and permutations of a construction timeline.

With ever-increasing amount of global infrastructure, residential and commercial development projects, coupled with the growing complexity of construction projects and the increasing shortage of resources there is an expanding need for more sophisticated and sustainable tools and processes for construction management.

4D Building Information Modeling (4D BIM) is one such process. 4D BIM refers to the intelligent linking of a 3D digital model with time or schedule related information. It provides precise and useful construction project information for teams. It’s gaining momentum in the industry by providing both tangible and intangible benefits for it which are set out here.

The tangible benefits of 4D BIM modeling 

The tangible benefits of 4D BIM modelling giving enhanced productivity are :

• Risk mitigation due to improved team coordination and communication
• Conflict detection
• improved delivery time and cost savings
• improved quality
 
The key benefit of 4D BIM Modeling is its contribution to project scheduling, facilitating a smoother process of it.

The intangible benefit of 4D BIM modelling

An intangible benefit is the use of 4D digital models for visualization and communication of project parameters, such as the project schedule, visually to construction clients and other stakeholders, including to the less technically minded.

4D Visualization 

4D BIM modelling visualization incorporates start and finish date data for the supply and installation of construction components and reveals the importance of them in relation to the overall project. It has removed the challenge associated with traditional scheduling of construction sequences of misunderstanding brought about by the lack of visualization.

Through 4D BIM visualization, it has become easy to view schedule a variety of information. This includes construction progress information which can be shown through project viewing, review and simulation tools.

4D BIM visualization also assists in resolving any conflicts between sub-contractors or areas of site congestion which could disrupt workflow prior to construction. It can also include access routes and temporary equipment, be used to plan material deliveries, coordinate material handling equipment and ensure their availability.

Objects in a digital model are linked to a CPM schedule in order to do this. This helps stakeholders understand

• firstly, the nature of the construction process
• secondly, the project at any construction stage
• thirdly, the appearance of a completed construction project

Visualization of the construction process

Effective visualization of the construction process can therefore be provided for view activities in relation to their cost on a daily or weekly basis as needed.

Visualization of the project at any construction stage 

By adding schedule dates to model components, a project team can improve the overall schedule and communicate this to all team members as needed at any point during a project. Over time, a schedule can be linked to a digital model to evaluate construction options.

Visualization of a completed construction project 

Visualization of a completed construction project can be useful at any stage but particularly prior to construction to mitigate risk, whether from a health and safety perspective or from a time or cost perspective.

Following the success of BIM in the design arena, contractors are now turning to BIM applications for their own uses, this includes the use of 4D BIM. Many have started using 4D BIM modeling to improve project project planning throughout a project lifecycle. It is anticipated that owner-operators will follow suit

Global BIM services provider IndiaCADworks made this investigation on how 4D BIM modeling has a highly positive effect on construction projects.

Civil Engineering Jobs in Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center (PKLI & RC) Lahore

Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center (PKLI&RC) need services of Civil Engineers for Lahore Pakistan.

Pakistan Kidney and Liver institute and Research center is a center of excellence in healthcare which will provide state-of-the-art clinical services initially in Nephrology ,Urology ,Heptology, Hepatobiliary Surgery. Kidney Transplant and Liver Transplant and in other specialized medical field in future.

Civil Engineering Jobs in Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center (PKLI & RC) Lahore

Name of Post : Associate Manager – Civil 

Bachelor degree in Civil Engineer recognized by PEC. At least 5 years of relevant experience.

Name of Post: Engineer (Engineering Services) 

Bachelor degree in Civil Engineer recognized by PEC. At least 5 years of relevant experience.

How to Apply for This Job

Apply online, please visit : www.pkli.org.pk/careers


Detailed resume along with recent photograph
Applicants are encouraged to apply online.

Deadline for application is September 12, 2017

General Manager Human Resource (Operations)
Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center (PKLI & RC)
30-E1, near Gaddafi Stadium, Gulber III, Lahore, Pakistan
Phone: 042-38107554

Project Engineer Civil Jobs in Finance Division, Government of Pakistan

Project Engineer (Civil) is required in Finance Division, Government of Pakistan. One Public Sector Development Program (PSDP) funded project “Modernization and upgradation of Pakistan Ment –Phase II) requires services of a Project Engineer (Civil).

Project Engineer Civil Jobs in Finance Division, Government of Pakistan (Click to enlarge image) 

1. 
   Name of Post: Project Engineer Civil
2. No. of Posts: 01
3. Salary Package: 90,000
4. Qualification: BSc Engineering (Civil) from a recognized institution and registered with PEC. 
5. Minimum 5 years post qualification experience 
6. Max age limit: 35 years. 

Selection is purely on merit for contract upto 30-6-2018
Application form can be downloaded from www.finance.gov.pk
Only short listed candidates will be called for interview.
Project Director / Deputy Secretary
Room No. 312 Finance Division, Q Block Park Secretariat, Islamabad.

Civil Engineering Jobs in NESPAK for September, 2017

National Engineering Services Pakistan (Pvt.) Limited (NESPAK), a leading International Engineering Consultancy Company requires the services of the following categories on contract basis:

1. BIM Engineers / Specialists
2. Quantity Engineers
3. Quantity Surveyors
4. Junior Engineer C&M Division
5. Geologist
6. Junior Ecologist
7. Junior Engineer GT&GE Division

BIM ENGINEERS/SPECIALISTS:

B.Sc/B.E in Civil/Mechanical/ B.Arch or other relevant engineering degree with deep understanding of Building Information Modeling (BIM) as concept and process having atleast 1 year experience preferably in Building Information Modeling (BIM)/ Virtual design and construction. Candidates with experience of large complex projects for modeling (architecture, structures & MEP), clash detection, model based cost estimation, model based scheduling & energy analysis will be preferred. In addition, proficiency in use of BIM related softwares such as Autodesk Revit architecture, structures, MEP, Bentley AECOSIM and autodesk navisworks, etc will be an added advantage.

HIGHWAYS & TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DIVISION:

1. QUANTITY ENGINEERS:

B.Sc. Civil Engineering having atleast 5 years experience preferably of quantity surveying/estimation. Candidates having experience in preparation of bidding documents for mega highway projects with consulting organizations shall be preferred.

2. QUANTITY SURVEYORS:

Three years diploma of Associate Engineer (Civil) having atleast 10 years experience preferably in highways & bridges. Candidates having experience in preparation of bidding documents for mega highway projects with consulting organizations shall be preferred.

 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT DIVISION:

JUNIOR ENGINEERS:

B.Sc. Civil Engineering with minimum CGPA of 3.0 having upto 1 year experience preferably in Project Management & building projects.

GEOTECHNICAL & GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DIVISION:

1. GEOLOGIST

M.Sc Applied Geology preferably Ph.D in Geo-mechanics /Rock Mechanics from European or North American University having 1 to 4 years experience in the state-of-the-art geo-mechanics technology. The candidates must able to perform 2D and 3D numerical modeling, providing rock mechanics design models and interpreting the results. In addition, candidates having experience to perform geological mapping, geological appraisal and design inputs for various projects will be given preference. Maximum age limit to apply for the position is 35 years.

2. JUNIOR ECOLOGIST

Master’s Degree in Ecology/Forestry having 1 to 4 years experience preferably in the field of forestry/ecology of developmental projects. Proficiency in use of relevant computer software will be given preference.

3. JUNIOR ENGINEERS (CIVIL)

B.Sc. Engineering (Civil) with minimum CGPA of 3.0 having 1 to 4 years experience preferably in design and construction supervision of Dams, Barrages, Hydropower Plants and infrastructure in the field of geotechnical / structural works.

Suitably qualified candidates from HEC recognized universities / institutes may apply ONLINE. Applications other than online shall not be accepted. Shortlisted Engineers / Professionals having 1 year or less experience will have to go through NTS examination. The last date of submission is September 08, 2017 . Only shortlisted candidates shall be called for interview. No TA/DA shall be admissible. 

 APPLY NOW

Date of Publication: 27-08-2017